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Removal of moisture from the air represents a considerable portion of the air conditioning load in hot and humid regions. It is a common practice to run air conditioning systems at temperatures lower than the moist air dew point temperature in order to accomplish dehumidification. Desiccant air conditioners offer a solution to meet the humidity and temperature requirements of buildings via decoupling...
Due to energy crisis and environmental problems, it is very urgent to find alternative energy sources nowadays. Solar energy, as one of the great potential clean energies, has widely attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, an optimized hybrid method by CS (Cuckoo Search) on the basis of the OP-ELM (Optimally Pruned Extreme Learning Machine), called CS-OP-ELM, is developed to forecast...
A novel GAHP-TSU (gravity-assisted heat-pipe thermal storage unit) is presented, in which the composite granular solid–liquid PCM (phase-change material) is piled up as the porous-medium layer. The composite PCM, which melts over a temperature range of 200–250 °C, is composed of a mixed metal salt and inorganic bentonite. Naphthalene is presented as the phase-change heat-transfer medium of the GAHP-TSU...
A three-dimensional (3-D), transient, nonisothermal model of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is developed by rigorously accounting for the electrochemical reactions of four types of vanadium ions (V2+, V3+, VO2+, and VO2+) and the resulting mass and heat transport processes. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing various heat generation mechanisms, including irreversible and reversible...
In a tangentially coal-fired boiler, for locations inside and near the combustor, heat-transfer by radiation is significant, and hence, ash particles arrive in molten state. The aim of the present study is to adopt a mechanistic modeling approach which incorporates energy-conservation principles to address slag-layer growth. In order to determine the outcome of molten ash impaction, a mechanistic...
Kuwait is an oil dependent country with a complex structure of petroleum refining network that hosts three petroleum refineries processing around 1000 Mbpd of crude oil. The country is also embarking, on a state level, a clean fuel project and the construction of a new refining complex with a 615 Mbpd processing capacity, considered one of the largest the world over. With increasing focus of low sulfur...
Time series methods are frequently used in solar irradiance forecasting when two dimensional cloud information provided by satellite or sky camera is unavailable. ETS (exponential smoothing) has received extensive attention in the recent years since the invention of its state space formulation. In this work, we combine these models with knowledge based heuristic time series decomposition methods to...
Energy integration is a key solution in chemical process and crude refining industries to minimise external fuel consumption and to face the impact of growing energy crises. Typical energy integration projects can reach a reduction of heating fuels and cold utilities by up to 40% compared with original designs or existing installations. Pinch Analysis is a leading tool and regarded as an efficient...
Water heating represented nearly 13% of 2010 residential energy consumption making it an important target for energy conservation efforts. The objective of this work is to identify spatially-resolved strategies for energy conservation, since little analysis has been done to identify how regional characteristics affect the energy consumed for water heating. We present a first-order thermodynamic analysis,...
This paper shows an innovative combined cycle solution that allows to increase the plant operational flexibility improving, at the same time, its global efficiency in part-load operation. In fact, nowadays, the necessity to maintain a high plant performance in prospect to fluctuating energy demand from electric grid has become a very critical problem in the energy sector. The solution here presented...
Harvesting energy has experienced a significant development in recent years, due to high demand on the mobile electrical devices and self powered systems. Thus, it is interesting to convert mechanical energy into suitable electrical energy using Magnetostrective materials. In this paper, a class of vibration energy harvester based on MsM (magnetostrictive material) is introduced and developed. The...
In this study, the potential for waste heat recovery is examined based on real data from 1990 to 2011 (a 21-year period) for processes at low-, medium- and high-temperature levels. The first part of this study included a theoretical analysis for determining the potential for heat recovery at these temperature stages. Second part stated an application in the industrial sector. This study is conducted...
The hydrodeoxygenation of 2-methoxy phenol and dibenzofuran, which are representative model compounds of bio-oil, was performed using two different Pt/mesoporous zeolite catalysts, Pt/mesoporous Y and Pt/mesoporous MFI. The reforming of 2-methoxy phenol and dibenzofuran via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation was investigated using a batch reactor at 40 bar and 250 °C. The characteristics of the catalysts...
In the future, the importance of hydrogen as an energy carrier could grow. Oil refining, injecting hydrogen into pipelines to decarbonize natural gas, or using hydrogen as a fuel are some of the possible applications. Combining hydrogen with CO2 to produce valuable products could also be a way to mitigate CO2 emissions. Besides, renewable energy development (mainly photovoltaic and wind) is one means...
Constructal theory is invoked to optimize a dendritic path flow structure for minimizing overall flow and thermal resistances. Convective cooling of a ring-shaped body is the aim of this investigation. The construct of flow paths is Y-tree shaped; while the body has heat generation over the area, uniformly. Cooling is done by a single-phase coolant entering through ports located equidistantly along...
Three microporous zeolites with different structures, HZSM-5 (Si/Al2 = 23), Hβ (Si/Al2 = 25) and HY (Si/Al2 = 30), were assessed for the first time for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of Geodae-Uksae-1, a variety of Miscanthus sacchariflorus. In non-catalytic pyrolysis, the temperature for the maximum bio-oil yield was 500 °C, which allowed sufficient conversion of the solid to the vapor phase and suppressed...
This paper models energy demand for space and water heating from 1970 to 2005 in the residential sector of four EU countries (France, Italy, Sweden, and UK) using index decomposition, ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) econometric models and cointegration analysis. The partial and temporal influences on energy demand in each country of the number of households, floor area per household (m2) and...
The transition to a future electricity system based primarily on wind and solar PV is examined for all regions in the contiguous US. We present optimized pathways for the build-up of wind and solar power for least backup energy needs as well as for least cost obtained with a simplified, lightweight model based on long-term high resolution weather-determined generation data. In the absence of storage,...
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